![]() 133–136, Vincentz Network, Hanover, Germany (2014) Winkler, J, "Dispersing Pigments and Fillers." In: Dispersing Pigments and Fillers. Luo, S, Weinell, CE, Okkels, F, Østergård, AL, Kiil, S, “On-Line, Non-Newtonian Capillary Rheometry for Continuous and In-Line Coatings Production.” J. Schmollgruber, F, "Choosing the Right Spectrophotometer.". 46–51, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, US (2007) Wicks, ZW, Jones, FN, Pappas, SP, Douglas, AW, Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, 3rd Edition. Lane, JL, Henderson, KO, "Viscosity Measurement: So Easy, Yet So Difficult." ASTM Standardization News, 32 (6) (2004) Gulrajani, ML, Colour Measurement: Principles, Advances and Industrial Applications. May 20–21, 2014 Continuous Manufacturing Symposium.” J. Page, T, Dubina, H, Fillipi, G, Guidat, R, Patnaik, S, Poechlauer, JC, “Equipment and Analytical Companies Meeting Continuous Challenges. Gavi, E, Kubicki, D, Padron, GA, Özcan-Taşkın, NG, “Breakup of Nanoparticle Clusters Using Microfluidizer M110-P.” Chem. Quarch, K, Durand, E, Schilde, C, Kwade, A, Kind, M, “Mechanical Fragmentation of Precipitated Silica Aggregates.” Chem. ![]() ![]() Özcan-Taşkın, NG, Padron, GA, Kubicki, D, “Comparative Performance of In-Line Rotor-Stators for Deagglomeration Processes.” Chem. Powder Technol., 28 (9) 2357–2365 (2017)īałdyga, J, Makowski, L, Orciuch, W, Sauter, C, Schuchmann, HP, “Agglomerate Dispersion in Cavitating Flows.” Chem. Kamaly, SW, Alan, CT, Nerime, GÖ, “Dispersion of Clusters of Nanoscale Silica Particles Using Batch Rotor-Stators.” Adv. Kiil, S, “Mathematical Modeling of Pigment Dispersion Taking into Account the Full Agglomerate Particle Size Distribution.” J. A Rheological Approach to Coating and Ink Technology. Patton, TC, Paint Flow and Pigment Dispersion. Colloid Interface Sci., 220 (2) 347–356 (1999)Įshel, G, Levy, GJ, Mingelgrin, U, Singer, MJ, “Critical Evaluation of the Use of Laser Diffraction for Particle-Size Distribution Analysis.” Soil Sci. Luckham, PF, Ukeje, MA, “Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Rheology of Dispersed Systems.” J. Solar Cells, 130 42–50 (2014)įiori, DE, Ley, DA, Quinn, RJ, “Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Performance of Two-Component Water-Reducible Acrylic Polyurethane Coatings Using Tertiary Polyisocyanate Crosslinkers.” J. Song, J, Qin, J, Qu, J, Song, Z, Zhang, W, Xue, X, Wu, X, “The Effects of Particle Size Distribution on the Optical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Rutile Pigments and Their Applications in Cool Non-White Coatings.” Solar Energy Mater. pp.116, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1999) Paint and Surface Coatings: Theory and Practice. 56, Vincentz Network, Hanover, Germany (2013) In summary, the principle of laser diffraction, with proper control of the measurement conditions, was demonstrated to be a reliable technique for PSD evaluation of coatings and predispersions. The new analytical procedure was used on selected dispersions with variations in coating formulations and equipment operational parameters and allowed for precise detections of the developments in PSDs and volume-moment mean diameters. ![]() When using a mixture of the pertinent binder and solvent, as opposed to the pure solvent only, and taking rheology issues into consideration, solvent shock was avoided and reliable PSDs could be obtained. Furthermore, the unavoidable sample dilution, prior to a measurement, strongly affects the stability of primary particles and agglomerates. Results show that the laser diffraction measurements are influenced by the so-called obscuration value of the diluted sample, the equipment-input refractive index values, and the shape assumption for the pigment agglomerates. In the experiments, acrylic-based TiO 2 or Cu 2O predispersions (i.e., mill bases), with variations in the composition and dispersion parameters, were investigated. The aim of the present work was to develop an analysis procedure, based on laser diffraction, for PSD measurements of coatings. Consequently, moving from the industrial practice of a maximum agglomerate size evaluation after dispersion (i.e., grindometer readings) to an accurate measurement of the entire PSD, holds a promising potential for quality control, product optimization, and research. Coating properties, such as gloss, rheology, and exterior durability, are strongly affected by the particle size distribution (PSD) of pigment agglomerates. ![]()
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